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4416004/03/2014

She married in secret and got pregnant, then her parents forced her to marry the boy they chose for her

Question: 201951

(A girl got engaged with a boy )

After engagement they starting talking on phone a few times

The girl started to dislike the boy

She told the boy I don’t like you let’s break the engagement , the boy said I cannot tell my parents you tell your parents

The girl told her parents but they did not listen to her
She asked her aunts to help get rid of this boy

Then the girl found some one at university and felt that I should have him as my life partner but no one was helping so the boy of the university got married to his cousin

He couldn’t get set with his wife and came back to the engaged girl that I cannot live without you

She again asked the family , as she was not married just engaged , but the family said we cannot do it because the boy whom the girl was engage , was from near family
Now she decided to go on her on and she did nikkah in a local masjid with three witnesses , the witnesses were their friends from college

and the girl says there was one cousin from her dads side on phone As a witness and one person from her mothers cousin was in the masjid but said I will not sign the nikkah because I will get in trouble and if you say I was there I will deny it.

Ok they had the nikkah thing was done now the nikkah boy said we will not physically meet till I take you to my home.

But after a few months they did physically meet and on the other side the parents set a date and wedding preparation started

Again the girl went to her aunt and begged to stop this I have got married and I am expecting too.

The aunt told the father and mother about the girl has done nikkah and she is expecting too

The parents went to the daughter and were very angry and beat the girl and asked her if its true

The girl said I did not do it , because the parents said we will punish you very bad. Then the parents went to the boy whom she did hidden nikkah to ask if it is true


The girl called him and said to deny it

So the wedding took place while she was expecting five weeks

When she got married to the engaged boy

She said I was not letting him touch me so he told the parents that she is not letting me touch

Now they went to the parents of the girl to tell your daughter to let him ,but anyway it came to my notice
I started talking to the girl and said I will help you by asking scholars inshaAllah

And will find the proper way

I am in touch since that day with the girl but things are going out of control

No one knows she is married and expecting

They are forcing her to start link with the second person which she says she cannot do bec now its her fourth month
Now the question is , is her first nikkah valid without guardian and the second one bec she was expecting

She is very sorry

I told her to do tauba and from now on do the right thing InshaAllah.

The girl is living and hiding her pregnancy but it will appear soon.

Please reply soon as everyday she is living there with the second boy is wrong if I am right

PLEASE GUIDE HER

From the engagement till today everything happened in two years.

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah and his family.

This problem has two aspects: fiqhi and
social/psychological. 

With regard to the fiqhi aspect, there are a number of
issues: 

1.

The ruling on getting married without a wali (guardian), and
the ruling on the child who is born as a result.

The marriage of a woman without a wali is an invalid marriage
according to the majority of scholars, apart from Abu Haneefah (may Allah
have mercy on him). 

The evidence quoted by the majority to support this view is
as follows: 

The hadeeth of ‘Aa’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) who
said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)
said: “Any woman who gets married without the permission of her guardians,
her marriage is invalid”– he said this three times – “but if he consummates
the marriage with her, then she is entitled to the mahr (dowry) because of
the intimacy he had with her. Then if they differ, the ruler is the guardian
of the one who has no guardian.”

Narrated by Abu Dawood (2083) and at-Tirmidhi (1102). Classed
as saheeh by al-Albaani in Irwa’ al-Ghaleel, 6/243 

The hadeeth of Abu Moosa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased
with him), according to which the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be
upon him) said: “There is no marriage except with a guardian.”

Narrated by Abu Dawood (2085) and at-Tirmidhi (1101). Classed
as saheeh by al-Albaani in Irwa’ al-Ghaleel, 6/235 

But the child who is born as a result of this invalid
marriage is to be attributed to his father because it is an ambiguous
marriage. 

Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn Baaz (may Allah have mercy on him)
said: 

The marriage contract done without the presence of a guardian
is an invalid marriage contract according to the correct opinion, which is
that of the majority of scholars. The woman does not have the right to do
the marriage contract on her own behalf. The Prophet (blessings and peace of
Allah be upon him) said: “There is no marriage except with a guardian.” And
he (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “No woman can give
herself in marriage, and no woman can give another woman in marriage.” Both
are saheeh hadeeths. But if they do that and the woman becomes pregnant,
then the child is to be attributed to his father, because the contract is
ambiguous. 

Noor ‘ala ad-Darb by Ibn Baaz,
20/197-198 

2.

The ruling on marriage of a man to a woman who is pregnant as
a result of an improper marriage to someone else. 

Two issues are involved here: 

(i)If a woman has got married with
an improper marriage contract, it is not permissible for her to marry anyone
else until the first husband divorces her or the marriage contract is
annulled.

Ibn Qudaamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If a woman
gets married in an improper marriage contract, it is not permissible for her
to get married to someone else until (the first one) divorces her or her
marriage is annulled. 

Al-Mughni, 9/351 

(ii)It is not permissible for a man
to marry a woman who is pregnant from another man until she gives birth, and
if he does marry her, then it is an invalid marriage.

It says in Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah (18/246): 

In the case of a pregnant woman who is divorced or recently
widowed, her ‘iddah lasts until she gives birth, because Allah, may He be
exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning): “And
for those who are pregnant (whether they are divorced or their husbands are
dead), their ‘Iddah (prescribed period) is until they deliver (their
burdens)” [at-Talaaq 65:4].
Any marriage contract done with such a woman is invalid and does not count
as a marriage. End quote. 

From the above, it is clear that your friend has committed a
number of actions that are contrary to sharee‘ah. She has to repent to
Allah, may He be exalted, and put right her mistakes by telling her family
about her previous marriage and the pregnancy that resulted from it, and she
should separate from her second husband until she gives birth. Then after
that, if she wants to stay with the first husband from whom she became
pregnant, then she has to convince her father, and then do a (new) marriage
contract, whether he had divorced her or not, because the first marriage
contract is in fact invalid. But if she wants to stay with the second
husband, then if the first husband had not divorced her, he must issue a
divorce or annul the marriage, then she can do the marriage contract with
the second husband. 

(iii)The ruling on forcing a girl to
marry someone she does not want as her husband.

It is not permissible for the father to force his adult
daughter to marry someone she does not want as a husband. 

That is because of the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be
pleased with him) according to which the Prophet (blessings and peace of
Allah be upon him) said: “A previously married woman should not be given in
marriage until she is consulted, and a virgin should not be given in
marriage until her permission has been sought.” They said: O Messenger of
Allah, how does she give permission? He said: “If she remains silent.”

Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 5136 

It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allah be pleased with
him) that a young woman came to the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be
upon him) and told him that her father had given her in marriage against her
wishes. The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) gave her the
choice (between staying in the marriage or having it annulled).

Narrated by Abu Dawood, 2096. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani
in Saheeh Abi Dawood, 1/586 

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him)
said: 

With regard to the father forcing his adult virgin daughter
into a marriage, there are two well-known scholarly opinions, both of which
were narrated from Ahmad. 

The first says that he may force his adult virgin daughter,
as is the view of Maalik and ash-Shaafa‘i. This is also the view favoured by
al-Khuraqi, al-Qaadi and his companions. 

The second view is that he may not force her, as is the view
of Abu Haneefah and others. This is also the view favoured by Abu Bakr ‘Abd
al-‘Azeez ibn Ja‘far. This view is the correct one … Because it is proven in
as-Saheeh that the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)
said: “No virgin should be given in marriage until her permission is sought,
and no previously married woman (should be given in marriage) until she is
consulted.” It was said to him: What if the virgin feels too shy (to say
anything)? He said: “Her permission is her silence.” According to another
version narrated in as-Saheeh: “The virgin’s permission should be
sought by her father.” This is a prohibition of the Prophet (blessings and
peace of Allah be upon him): she should not be given in marriage until her
permission is sought. This applies to the father and others. That is clearly
stated in the other saheeh report, and the father himself should seek her
permission. 

Moreover, the father does not have the right to dispose of
her wealth without her permission if she is an adult of sound mind, and the
issue of intimacy is more serious than her wealth, so how can it be
permissible for him to give her in marriage against her wishes when she is
mature and of sound mind? 

With regard to giving her in marriage even though she objects
to the marriage, this is contrary to Islamic teaching and common sense, and
Allah does not allow her guardian to force her to buy or sell or rent (her
own property) except with her permission, or to eat or drink or wear
anything she does not want, so how can he force her into being intimate with
and living with someone she does not want to be intimate with or live with?
Allah has ordained love and compassion between husband and wife, so if the
marriage came about despite the fact that she did not want it at all, where
is the love and compassion in that?

End quote from Majmoo‘ al-Fataawa, 23/22-25 

Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

It is proven in as-Saheeh that [the Prophet (blessings
and peace of Allah be upon him)] said: “A virgin should not be given in
marriage until her permission has been sought.” They said: O Messenger of
Allah, how can she give permission? He said: “If she remains silent.” In
Saheeh Muslim it says: “The virgin should be asked permission concerning
her (marriage), and her permission is her silence.” 

This ruling dictates that an adult virgin should not be
forced to marry and she should not be given in marriage except with her
consent. This is the view of the majority of the early generations, and it
is the view of Abu Haneefah and Ahmad, according to one of the reports from
him. This is the view which we believe is correct, and we do not believe in
anything other than that. It is in accordance with the ruling of the
Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and with his
commands and prohibitions, the basic principles of his sharee‘ah and the
best interests of his ummah.

End quote from Zaad al-Ma‘aad, 5/88 

Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked: Is
it permissible for a father to force his daughter to marry someone she does
not want? 

The answer was: 

Neither the father nor anyone else has the right to force his
female relative who is under his guardianship to marry someone she does not
want. Rather it is essential to seek her permission, because the Messenger
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “No previously married
woman is to be given in marriage until she is consulted, and no virgin is to
be given in marriage until her permission is sought.” They said: O Messenger
of Allah, what is her permission? He said: “If she remains silent.” So what
the father must do is seek her permission if she has reached the age of nine
or more. By the same token, her guardians should not give her in marriage
except with her permission. This is what is required of all, and if anyone
has got married without permission, then the marriage is not valid, because
one of the conditions of marriage is the consent of both spouses. If he has
given her in marriage without her consent and has forced her with stern
threats or beatings, then the marriage is not valid. If the husband knows
that she does not want him he should not go ahead with it, even if the
father does not care about that. What he must do is fear Allah, and not go
ahead with marriage to a woman who does not want him, even if her father
claims that he did not force her. What he must do is be cautious not to do
that which Allah has forbidden to him, because the Messenger (blessings and
peace of Allah be upon him) has instructed that her permission must be
sought. We also advise the woman to fear Allah and to agree if her father
wants to arrange her marriage, if the suitor is good in terms of his
religious commitment and character. 

End quote from Majmoo‘ Fataawa wa Maqaalaat Mutanawwi‘ah,
20/414-415 

So you have to sincerely advise this father and inform him of
this shar‘i ruling, and tell him that what is required of the Muslim is to
follow the guidance of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon
him), and to discard any societal customs that are contrary to that. He
should look at what is in his daughter’s best interests and look for someone
whose religious commitment and character are good, and whom his daughter
will accept as a husband. He is responsible for her because she is part of
his flock, and the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said:
“Each of you is a shepherd and each of you is responsible. The ruler is a
shepherd and is responsible. A man is the shepherd of his household and is
responsible. A woman is the shepherd of her husband’s house and is
responsible. The slave is the shepherd of his master’s wealth and is
responsible. Each of you is a shepherd and each of you is responsible.”

Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 5188, from the hadeeth of Ibn ‘Umar
(may Allah be pleased with him). 

To sum up the above: 

Her second marriage is definitely invalid, and there is no
way it can be valid, and she should not let him be intimate with her; rather
she must inform him of the facts of the matter. 

As for her first marriage, it is invalid according to the
majority of scholars, and they have to repeat the marriage contract in the
correct manner, if they want to remain married, or else annul the marriage
and separate, if they want to end it. (In that case), she has to observe
‘iddah following the end of the marriage, then she may marry whomever she
wants after that. See the answer to question no.
142177

With regard to the social/psychological aspect: 

(a)

you should advise your friend that the best way to solve
family problems is to fear Allah, may He be exalted, as Allah has stated and
confirmed in Soorat at-Talaaq, which is a soorah that deals with family
problems, repeatedly enjoining people to fear Allah and stating that this is
the way out and the key to provision. Allah, may He be exalted, says
(interpretation of the meaning):

“And whosoever fears Allah and keeps his duty to Him, He
will make a way for him to get out (from every difficulty).

3. And He will provide him from (sources) he never could
imagine. And whosoever puts his trust in Allah, then He will suffice him.
Verily, Allah will accomplish his purpose. Indeed Allah has set a measure
for all things”

[al-Talaaq 65:2-3]. 

Part of fearing Allah, may He be exalted, is striving to
please one’s parents; not doing anything for which Islam does not give
permission; and repenting to Allah, may He be exalted. 

(b)

Family problems, such as that which has happened to your
friend – may Allah guide her to that which is in her best interests in this
world and the Hereafter – may be solved by being honest and truthful,
because the effects of her action are not limited to her alone; rather it
also affects the people around her and affects issues of lineage and rights.
Maybe relatives or friends of the father’s whom he respects can intervene in
order to tell him what has really happened and bring about reconciliation
between them. 

(c)

Your friend should not build her hopes on imaginary love; no
matter how strong the love between the genders may be, in the end it is
merely an emotion, and emotions change quickly if they are based on whims
and desires or worldly matters. The love that is likely to continue, on
which a solid family may be built, is that which pays attention to the laws
of Allah, may He be exalted, and which a person proceeds with after
consulting others and praying to Allah for guidance (istikhaarah). 

And Allah knows best.

Source

Islam Q&A

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