Differences in Prayer for Men and Women

The general principle is that women are equal to men in all religious rulings,
because of the hadeeth “Women are the twin halves of men” (Reported
by Imaam Ahmad and classified as saheeh in Saheeh al-Jaami’ 1983), except
when there is evidence (daleel) of a specific ruling which applies only to women.
One of the cases in which the scholars mention specific rules for women is prayer,
where there are differences as follows:

• Women do not have to give adhaan or iqaamah,
  because adhaan requires raising the voice, which women are not permitted to
  do. Ibn Qudaamah, may Allaah have mercy on him, said: “We know of no
  difference between the scholars (on this point).” (Al-Mughni
  ma’a al-Sharh al-Kabeer, 1/438).
• All of the woman’s body is ‘awrah
  and must be covered during prayer, except for her face, because the Prophet
  (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
  “No prayer will be accepted from an adult woman unless she wears a khimaar
  (head-cover). (Reported by the five Muhadditheen)
  There is some dispute as to whether her heels and feet should be covered.
  The author of al-Mughni (2/328) said: “As for the rest of the free woman’s
  body, it must be covered during prayer. If any part becomes uncovered, it
  renders her prayer invalid, except if only a little bit is uncovered. Maalik,
  al-Oozaa’i and al-Shaafi’i said the same.
• The woman should keep her limbs close
  to her body during rukoo’ and sujood, and not spread them out, because
  this is more modest and covering. (Al-Mughni 2/258). Al-Nawawi
  said: “Al-Shaafi’i said, in al-Mukhtasar: there is no difference
  between men and women in prayer, except that women should keep the parts of
  their bodies close to one another, and they should make their stomachs touch
  their thighs during sujood. This is more covering and preferable, in rukoo’
  and the rest of the prayer too.” (See al-Majmoo’
  3/429).
• It is preferable for women to pray in
  congregation, led by one of their number, because the Prophet
  (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told Umm Waraqah to lead the women
  of her household in prayer. There is some difference among scholars on this
  matter. (See al-Mughni, 2/202 and al-Majmoo’ al-Nawawi,
  4/84-85). The woman leading the prayer should read aloud
  as long as no non-mahram man can hear her.
• It is permissible for women to go out
  and pray in the mosque with men, although their prayer at home is better for
  them, because the Prophet (peace and blessings
  of Allaah be upon him) said: “Do not prevent the women from going out
  to the mosques, even though their homes are better for them.” (For
  more details on this matter, see Question#973).
• Imaam al-Nawawi, may Allaah have mercy
  on him, said (al-Majmoo’ 3/455):
  “Women differ from men in congregational prayer in a number of ways:

(1) Congregational prayer is not required
of them in the same way as it is of men.
(2) The imam of a group of women stands in the middle of the (first) row.
(3) (If one woman and one man are praying), she should stand behind him, not
next to him.
(4) If women are praying in rows behind men, the back rows are better for
them than the front rows.

What we can learn from the above is that
women and men are forbidden to mix. Allaah is our Helper and Support.