It is permissible to shave or trim the beard if medical treatment requires that

Question: 192770

There is a person who we think is good – and Allah knows best – but he suffers from depression which is accompanied by a behavioural disorder called Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder, compulsive urge to pull out one’s own hair). In some cases the person passes the hairs between his lips or folds it up between his fingers, or may go as far as eating it. This person was known to have let his beard grow long for some time, in accordance with the Sunnah, but after he was affected by this disease, his beard in particular became sparse and gaps began to appear in it because of pulling out the hair.

Is it permissible for me as a doctor to tell him to shave off his beard or trim it temporarily, as part of the treatment?

Is it permissible for him to shave it off or trim it temporarily, until he recovers from this depression, by Allah’s leave?

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah and his family.

We do not
think that there is anything wrong, from a shar‘i point of view, with trim
or shaving off the beard of a mental patient, if the doctor is certain or
thinks it most likely that shaving it will be a means of treating his
sickness and bringing about healing, by Allah’s leave. This is based on the
following:

According to
both modern and ancient medicine, mental or psychological diseases come
under the heading of real diseases that may affect a person and bring about
physical or mental imbalance and disorder. It is not as some people think,
that regarding psychological symptoms as a disease is a kind of
exaggeration, because these symptoms do not cause the same level of distress
and trouble as other types of disease.

Hence the
fuqaha’ in many cases have ruled that the one who is affected by compulsive
thoughts or behaviours is not to be blamed, and that such thoughts and
behaviours come under the heading of psychological or mental illness. It
says in Radd al-Muhtaar: It was narrated from al-Layth: Divorce
issued by a person who is affected by compulsive thoughts does not count as
such. He said: What is meant is the one who is not in control of his
thoughts. … And it was narrated from al-Haakim that he is the one who is
affected by compulsive thoughts, and speaks at random. End quote.

We have
discussed this previously on our website in questions no.
127870 and
39684

In fact they
said that it is permissible for one who is affected by compulsive thoughts
to avail himself of concessions, if that will treat his problem and lead to
healing from it. It says in I‘aanah at-Taalibeen (4/250) by
ad-Dimyaati ash-Shaafa‘i: What is preferable for the one who is suffering
from compulsive thoughts is to avail himself of lighter options and
concessions, so that his problem will not be exacerbated, which could lead
to him going beyond the limits set by sharee‘ah because of this compulsive
thinking. For example, a person may be affected with compulsive thoughts
that make him always doubt whether he formed the intention to do wudoo’ or
whether he recited al-Faatihah behind the imam or not, so he begins to spend
more time in wudoo’ or prayer. In that case he may forego forming the niyyah
(intention), and follow Imam Abu Haneefah with regard to this matter,
because in Abu Haneefah’s view the niyyah is Sunnah; and he may follow his
opinion in foregoing recitation of al-Faatihah when praying behind the imam,
until the compulsive thoughts cease. End quote.

When Allah,
may He be glorified and exalted, said that there was no blame on the sick,
He said (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him): “…nor
any blame upon the sick…”
[an-Noor 24:61],
He made the need for medical treatment a reason for lifting the prohibition.
Allah, may He be glorified, says (interpretation of the meaning):

“He has explained to you in detail what is forbidden to you, except under
compulsion of necessity” [al-An‘aam 6:119].

Thus it
appears to be the case that we should be inclined to absolve your sick
friend of any blame in his situation, if he trims his beard as much as is
necessary to ward off this harm from him and make it so that he will not be
able to pluck it, and thus he will no longer be harmed because of it. But if
trimming it does not serve any benefit and his sickness cannot be dealt with
in that manner, then we do not think that there is anything wrong with
asking him to shave his beard, until he has gotten over this problem. Then
he may return to the Sunnah of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be
upon him), as soon as his treatment is over. By doing so he should seek
reward with Allah, may He be exalted, (for the troubles he is going
through), call upon Him and ask Him to forgive him and to decree for him
healing from every disease.

All of that is
– as we stated at the beginning of this answer – on condition that the
doctor should think it most likely that shaving or trimming the beard will
be a means of healing, by Allah’s leave, and is not just a matter of
imagination or speculation.

For more
information, please see fatwas no.
70319 and 177699

And Allah
knows best.

Source:

Islam Q&A

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