On Laylat al-Qadr Allah transfers from al-Lawh al-Mahfooz and gives to the angels what is to happen by His decree in the coming year

Firstly: 

Allah, may He be exalted, said:

“We sent it
(this Qur’an) down on a blessed night ((i.e. night of Qadr) in the month of
Ramadan, the 9th month of the Islamic calendar). Verily, We are ever warning
(mankind that Our Torment will reach those who disbelieve in Our Oneness of
Lordship and in Our Oneness of worship).

Therein (that night) is decreed every matter of ordainments”

[ad-Dukhaan 44:3-4]. 

That is, Allah, may He be exalted, instructs the angelic
scribes to copy down what will happen during that year from al-Lawh al-Mahfooz.
This was narrated from some of the early generations and was quoted by the
commentators on the Qur’an. 

Ibn Abi Haatim narrated in his Tafseer (18527) that
Ibn ‘Abbaas said concerning the words “Therein
(that night) is decreed every matter of ordainments”:
There is written down from the Mother of the Book on Laylat al-Qadr what is
to happen during the coming year of provision, death, life, or rain, to the
extent that it is written down: So and so will perform the Hajj, and So and
so will perform the Hajj. 

Al-Haakim (3678) narrated – and classed it as saheeh – from
Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: Verily you will see a
man walking about in the marketplaces, when his name has been included among
those who are to die. Then he recited the words (interpretation of the
meaning):

“We sent it
(this Quran) down on a blessed night ((i.e. night of Qadr) in the month of
Ramadan,, the 9th month of the Islamic calendar). Verily, We are ever
warning (mankind that Our Torment will reach those who disbelieve in Our
Oneness of Lordship and in Our Oneness of worship).

Therein (that night) is decreed every matter of ordainments”

[ad-Dukhaan 44:3-4].

That is Laylat al-Qadr; on that night worldly matters are
decreed throughout the coming year until the following Laylat al-Qadr. 

Ibn Katheer (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

That is, on Laylat al-Qadr the decrees of the coming year are
transferred from al-Lawh al-Mahfooz, ordaining what is to happen during the
year of deaths and provision, and what is to happen until the end of the
year. This was narrated from Ibn ‘Umar, Abu Maalik, Mujaahid, ad-Dahhaak and
more than one of the early generations. The phrase amrin hakeem
(translated here as “every
matter of ordainments”),
means something which has been determined and cannot be altered or changed.

End quote from Tafseer Ibn Katheer (7/246). Something
similar was stated by at-Taahir ibn ‘Aashoor in at-Tahreer wa’t-Tanweer
(6/422) and by Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen in his Fataawa (20/3 44) 

Secondly: 

No one knows the unseen except Allah. He, may He be exalted,
says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Say: ‘None
in the heavens and the earth knows the Ghaib (unseen) except Allah, nor can
they perceive when they shall be resurrected’”

[an-Naml 27:65]. 

Ibn Katheer (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

Here Allah, may He be exalted, commands His Messenger
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) to say, informing all people,
that no one knows the unseen except Allah, may He be glorified and exalted,
for He is the only One Who has knowledge of that, alone, with no partner or
associate. 

End quote from Tafseer Ibn Katheer (6/2 07) 

But Allah, may He be exalted, discloses to whomever He will
of His creation whatever He will of matters of His unseen. Allah, may He be
exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):

“(He Alone)
the All-Knower of the Ghaib (unseen), and He reveals to none His Ghaib
(unseen).’

Except to a Messenger (from mankind) whom He has chosen (He
informs him of unseen as much as He likes), and then He makes a band of
watching guards (angels) to march before him and behind him”

[al-Jinn 72:26, 27]. 

The scholars of the Standing Committee for Issuing Fatwas
said: 

Knowledge of unseen matters is something that belongs
exclusively to Allah, may He be exalted, so no one among His creation – no
jinni or anyone else – has any knowledge of it, except what Allah reveals to
whomever He will among His angels or His Messengers.

End quote from Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah (1/346) 

What is mentioned about the angels copying down what is to
happen of events in the coming year indicates that Allah, may He be exalted,
shows the angelic scribes what is to occur during this year, and instructs
them to copy it down from al-Lawh al-Mahfooz. 

An-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

The scholars said: Laylat al-Qadr is so called because of
what the angels write down during this night of decrees (aqdaar,
sing. qadr), provision and deaths that will occur during that year,
as Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning): “Therein
(that night) is decreed every matter of ordainments”
[ad-Dukhaan 44: 4]. 

What is meant by the words of Allah, may He be exalted
(interpretation of the meaning): “Therein
descend the angels and the Rûh [Jibril (Gabriel)] by Allâh’s Permission with
all Decrees” [al-Qadr 97:4]
is that during this night, Allah shows to the angels what is to happen, and
he instructs them to carry out their duties, and all of that is because of
Allah’s prior knowledge and ordainment of that.

End quote from Sharh an-Nawawi ‘ala Muslim (8/57). 

Thirdly: 

Some of the scholars stated that when the angelic scribes
have finished writing down what is to happen during the coming year, Allah,
may He be exalted, instructs them to give each angel his individual
instructions from those pages, but they did not mention any evidence or
proof for that. 

Shaykh Muhammad al-Ameen ash-Shinqeeti (may Allah have mercy
on him) said: 

To explain the meaning of the verse: On every Laylat al-Qadr,
Allah, may He be blessed and exalted, explains to the angels and writes down
for them in clear detail everything that is to happen during the coming
year, until the following Laylat al-Qadr. 

So that explains whatever He has decreed of deaths,
provision, poverty and wealth, good yields and drought, health and sickness,
wars, earthquakes, and everything that is to happen during the coming year,
no matter what it is. 

Az-Zamakhshari said in al-Kashshaaf:

What is meant by “is decreed” [in ad-Dukhaan 44:4] is
determined and ordained

“every
matter of ordainments”
of people’s provisions and deaths, and all their affairs, until the
following year. 

… Then a copy of the decrees concerning provision is given to
Meekaa’eel; and a copy of the decrees concerning war is given to Jibraa’eel,
and also the decrees concerning earthquakes, thunderstorms and landslides. A
copy of the decrees concerning deeds is given to Ismaa‘eel, who is in charge
of the lowest heaven; he is a mighty angel. And a copy of the decrees
concerning calamities is given to the Angel of Death. End quote. 

What we are aiming to do here is explain the meaning of the
verse; it does not necessarily mean that the report about the giving of the
copies mentioned to the angels mentioned is sound, because we do not know of
any sound basis for it. 

End quote from Adwa’ al-Bayaan (7/271) .