The father leased a car for his son in his name, then the father died. Who is responsible for the debt?

Question: 296513

A man leased a used car in a rent-to-own scheme in his own name, but it was for his son, on condition that the son would start to pay off the installments when he started work. One year later, the father died, and the car is still with his son, but the son did not pay off the remaining installments, because he was not working. The company did not demand the remaining installments, because of problems in the collections department. My question is: after the father’s death, are the remaining installments the responsibility of the deceased father, or are they the responsibility of the son, because the car is basically his and he uses it, and he is the one who has been heedless about paying, but the car is in the father’s name only? Is it obligatory to pay off all of the remaining installments, after defects in the car came to light after purchase, due to his failure to examine it properly before purchase? Or is this a shortcoming on the part of the purchaser, and there is no liability?

Answer

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah and his family.

Firstly:

Rent-to-own schemes take several forms, some of which are permissible and some of which are disallowed, as is explained in the answer to question no. 97625.

It is a rental contract, until ownership passes to the renter, either by selling the item to him or giving it to him.

It cannot be said of the son in this case that he is a purchaser, rather he is a renter.

Secondly:

If the father rented the car for the son, and all that happened is that he put the contract in his name, then the debt is owed by the son, and he must pay it off, and the fact that the bank did not ask for it due to some problem in its system does not excuse him from that.

If the son cannot pay off the debt, then he should go to the bank, cancel the contract and return the car to them.

Thirdly:

If the bank waived the installments from the father because of his death – as is done by some banks – then the son must go to the bank and explain to them that he is the real renter.

Shaykh Sulaymaan al-Maajid (may Allah preserve him) was asked: O shaykh – may Allah preserve you and take care of you – I have a question. Muhammad agreed with his brother Fahd that Muhammad would borrow 100,000 from the ar-Raajihi bank and give the money to Fahd, who would repay it. Then Muhammad died. What is Fahd required to do for the bank or his brother, if the bank waives the loan for his brother?

He replied: Praise be to Allah. To proceed: So long as Fahd is the real borrower and beneficiary, then he must pay the installments [on the loan] to the bank, even if his brother has died, and he must inform the bank of that. And Allah knows best

End quote from the shaykh’s website.

Fourthly:

If the son discovered a defect in the car during the rental stage, or during the purchase stage after the rental had ended, then he may go back to the company and ask for a reduction in the rental or in the price, or for an annulment of the contract.

It says in Kashshaaf al-Qinaa‘ (3/218): Section on one who purchases a defective item and was unaware of the defect at the time of the transaction, then he found out about it. He has the option (of annulling the deal), whether the seller was aware of the defect and concealed it from the purchaser, or the seller was unaware of it. … The purchaser has the option of returning it because of the defect, so that he will not incur loss if he keeps it with this defect.

If he returns it, he may take back the price in full, because by annulling the deal, the purchaser has the right to take back the entire price… Or he may keep the item, with some compensation for the defect.

And Allah knows best.

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