She separated from her first husband by means of khul‘ without his consent and married another man, then she went back to her first husband

Question: 172510

I was married to my husband islamically and civilly for 27 years and he had a substance abuse problem. We have two grown sons and one grand-daughter. One day I met a knowledgeable Muslim man on the internet as I was inquiring advice about my situation.. This person had written books and I came to trust him. I explained to him my plight and various spiritual experiences that I had. Thats when he told me about “heart softeners” a term I had not heard before. To make a long story short, he took to me emotionally and I him. He wanted me to leave (divorce) my husband and marry him. I went to my husband and honestly explained what had happened in detail and asked him for a divorce. He refused. The learned brother told me because my husband has a substance abuse problem and he (the learned brother) is a practicing muslim, he had more right for me to be his wife. To make a long story short again, at the behest of the new brother, I wrote my husband a letter releasing myself from him (khula) on the grounds of his intoxications. I did iddat and married the new brother. It did not work out with this new brother and we both agreed for divorce after two months. My ex-husband (so I thought) became aware of this and ardently pleaded for me to take him back. Explaining that he was in a long term live in program from the veterans administration and doing well. I told him I would consider. I eventually told him yes. He convinced me that we didn’t have to go through an islamic ceremony because my divorce from him was not valid because I didn’t give him anything for my freedom. He said he forgave me for my indescretion and hoped that Allah would forgive me also. At the time it sounded reasonable and we resumed married life without a ceremony. Now I find myself at unrest wondering am I in fact really married. Please advise me so that I can have no doubts and if there is anything that I need to do.

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah and his family.

The khul‘ that you did yourself is invalid and has no effect,
because the woman does not have the right to annul the marriage contract,
either by means of khul‘ or talaaq (divorce), just as she does not have the
right to do the marriage contract. Rather the woman may ask to separate from
her husband by means of khul‘ if there is good reason to do so, and if he
accepts then he is the one who separates from her by means of khul‘ or
talaaq. If he does not agree then she should refer the case to the shar‘i
judge (qaadi) who will either force him to give a khul‘ or talaaq, or not.

If the woman marries someone other than her first husband
before having separated from him in a valid manner, either through talaaq or
annulment of the marriage, or the husband’s death, then that (second)
marriage contract is invalid, according to scholarly consensus. If she was
aware that it was invalid then she is a zaaniyah (adulteress) who is subject
to the hadd punishment, and so is he (the second husband). If she was not
aware of that because she thought that she had the right to end the first
marriage herself by means of khul‘, and that that could be valid, then she
is excused because of her ignorance and the hadd punishment is not to be
carried out on her, but her second marriage is also invalid and she has to
leave him and observe ‘iddah, then go back to the first husband.

Ibn Qudaamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

With regard to invalid marriages, such as the marriage of a
married woman or one who is observing ‘iddah and the like, if they were
aware of what is halaal and what is haraam, then they are both guilty of
zina and are thus subject to the hadd punishment, and any child born as a
result is not to be attributed to the man. … and ‘iddah becomes obligatory
once she has been alone with him; if he dies, she must ‘iddah and mourning.
All of that is required as a precautionary measure for her sake.

End quote from al-Mughni, 7/13

It says in al-Mawsoo‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah, 8/123-124

The fuqaha’ are unanimously agreed that it is obligatory to
observe ‘iddah and any child born should be attributed to the man in the
case of a marriage concerning which the madhhabs differ, once the marriage
has been consummated, such as a marriage without witnesses or without a
guardian, or marriage of a pilgrim in ihram during Hajj, or shighaar
(quid-pro-quo marriage). The Hanbalis added that the same applies once it is
proven that they have been alone together.

They are also agreed that ‘iddah is required and the child is
to be attributed to the man in the case of a marriage concerning which there
is consensus that it is invalid once the marriage has been consummated, such
as the marriage of any woman during her ‘iddah, the wife of another man and
mahrams, if there is some doubt which would cause the hadd punishment to be
waived, such as if the parties involved did not know that it is haraam, and
because the basic principle according to the fuqaha’ is that in any case of
marriage where the hadd punishment is to be waived, the child is to be
attributed to the man.

But if there is no doubt that would cause the hadd punishment
to be waived, such as if the parties involved were aware that it is haraam,
then the child is not to be attributed to the man according to the majority
and also according to some of the Hanafi shaykhs, because when the hadd
punishment becomes obligatory, attribution of the child to the man is not
proven. And according to Abu Haneefah and some of the Hanafi shaykhs,
attribution is proven because there is some doubt about the invalidity of
the marriage contract.

See also al-Mawsoo‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah, 29/339

See also the answer to question no.
171791

To sum up:

In all cases the woman does not have the right to separate
from her husband by means of khul‘ by herself, as happened in your case.

Based on that, your second marriage to this liar and cheater
is invalid and does not count. You have to observe ‘iddah following your
separation from him, as in the case of a woman who is divorced by talaaq.

Some of the scholars are of the view that in this case to
prove that you are not pregnant from him, one menstrual cycle is
sufficient.

See ash-Sharh al-Mumti‘, 13/381-383

And Allah knows best.

Source:

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