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The Sunnah is for the imam to be in line with the middle of the row

Question: 66017

How should the rows behind the imam fill in – the first row and the other rows?.

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah and his family.

The Sunnah is for the
imam to stand in line with the middle of the row, so the row should start
from immediately behind the imam, then be completed to the right and left.
It does not matter if there are slightly more people on the right than on
the left. 

Abu Dawood (681) narrated that Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be
pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) said: “Put the imam in the middle and fill the gaps.” 

Al-Manaawi said in Fayd al-Qadeer: 

i.e., put him in the middle of the row so that everyone on
his right and left can have a share of hearing him and being close to him.
End quote. 

But this hadeeth is da’eef (weak) and was classed as such by
al-Albaani in Da’eef Abi Dawood. 

There are other, saheeh,
ahaadeeth which clearly indicate the same as this da’eef hadeeth, namely
that the imam should stand in line with the middle of the row. 

Al-Bukhaari (424) and Muslim (33) narrated from ‘Itbaan ibn
Maalik (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) came to him in his house and said: “Where
would you like me to pray for you in your house?” He said: I pointed to a
place and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said
takbeer, and we formed a row behind him and he prayed two rak’ahs. 

Al-Bukhaari (380) and Muslim (658) narrated from Anas ibn
Maalik that his grandmother Mulaykah invited the Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to come and eat some food that
she had prepared for him. He ate some, then he said: “Get up and I will lead
you in prayer.” Anas said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him) stood up, and the orphan and I stood in a row behind
him, and the old woman stood behind us, and the Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) led us in praying two rak’ahs,
then he left. 

Muslim (3014) narrated that Jaabir said: I prayed with the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and stood on his
left. He took me by the hand and made me stand on his right. Then Jabbaar
ibn Sakhr came and did wudoo’, then he came and stood on the left of the
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). The
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) took
hold of our hands and made us stand behind him. 

The words “we formed a row behind him”, “the orphan and I
stood behind him” and ‘he made us stand behind him” indicate that they were
directly behind the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him), i.e., the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was
in line with the middle of the row. 

Al-Shawkaani said in al-Sayl al-Jaraar (1/261): 

Two or more people should
stand behind him in line with him. 

In order for them to be in line with him, they should be
behind him. If they stand to one side, not in line with him, they would not
be behind him. End quote. 

Ibn Qudaamah said in al-Mughni (2/27): 

It is mustahabb for the
imam to stand in line with the middle of the row, because the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Put the imam in the
middle and fill the gaps.” Narrated by Abu Dawood. End quote. 

Al-Nawawi said in al-Majmoo’ (4/192) 

Our companions and others are agreed that the first row is
recommended and encouraged. There are many ahaadeeth concerning that in
al-Saheeh. They are also agreed that it is mustahabb to stand to the
right of the imam and to fill the gaps in the rows, and complete the first
row, then the next, then the next and so on. No row should be started until
the one in front is complete. It is also mustahabb to make the row straight,
and no one should let his chest etc stick out from the row to the front or
to the rear. It is mustahabb for the imam to stand in the middle and for
them to spread to either side. End quote. 

It says in al-Mawsoo’ah al-Fiqhiyyah (27/37): 

It is proper etiquette to complete the row and fill any gaps,
and not to start a row until the one in front is complete, and to make room
for one who wants to join the row if there is space. The imam should stand
in the middle with the worshippers behind him. End quote. 

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen said in al-Sharh al-Mumti’
(3/10): 

Straightening the rows also means preferring the right side
to the left, but that is not to be taken in absolute terms, as is the case
with regard to the first row, because if it were in absolute terms as is the
case with regard to the first row, the Messenger of Allaah (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) would have said, “Complete the rows from
the right hand side” but he said: “Complete the first row, then the next.”
Since it is not prescribed to start the rows from the right until they are
completed, then we should look at the basic principles of sharee’ah to see
how this should be done with regard to the left. We find that with regard to
the left, if the right and the left are more or less equal, then the right
side is given preference, such as if there are five on the left and five on
the right, and an eleventh man comes, we would tell him to go to the right,
because the right is better than the left when both are equal or almost
equal, and there is no obvious difference between the right and the left of
the row. But if one side is further away, then there is no doubt that
joining the left if it is closer is better than joining the right if it is
far away. This is indicated by the fact that if there is a group of three,
it is prescribed for the imam to stand between the other two. This indicates
that the right is not better in absolute terms, because if it were better in
absolute terms, it would be better for both people to be to the right of the
imam. But it is prescribed for one to be on the right of the imam and one on
his left so that the imam will be in the middle and there will be no
imbalance between the two sides. End quote. 

Shaykh Ibn Baaz was asked: Should the two begin from the
right or from behind the imam? Is it prescribed to achieve balance between
the right and left so that it may be said “Make the row equal on both sides”
as many imams do? 

He replied: The row should start from the middle, from behind
the imam. And the right side of each row is better than the left. A new row
should not be started until the one in front is completed. There is nothing
wrong with there being more people on the right side of a row, and there is
no need to make the row equal on both sides, rather the command to do that
is contrary to the Sunnah. But people should not form a second row until the
first is complete, or form a third row until the second is complete, and so
on, because it is proven that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) enjoined that. End quote. 

Majmoo’ Fataawa Ibn Baaz, 12/205.

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