It is makrooh to call a girl Yathrib

Firstly: 

With regard to it being makrooh to call Al-Madeenah Yathrib,
it is narrated by al-Bukhaari (1871) and Muslim (1382) that Abu Hurayrah
(may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “They say Yathrib, but it is
al-Madeenah.” 

Al-Haafiz said in al-Fath: The words “They say
Yathrib, but it is al-Madeenah” refer to the fact that some of the
hypocrites were calling it Yathrib, but the name that suits it is
Al-Madeenah. Some of the scholars understood from this that it is makrooh to
call al-Madeenah Yathrib, and they said: What is mentioned in the Qur’aan is
only quoting what some of the non-believers said. Ahmad narrated from
al-Baraa’ ibn ‘Aazib that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) said: “Whoever calls al-Madeenah Yathrib, let him seek forgiveness
from Allaah. It is Taabah, it is Taabah.” 

‘Umar ibn Shabbah narrated from Abu Ayoob that the Messenger
of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade calling
al-Madeenah Yathrib. 

Hence ‘Eesa ibn Dinar, one of the Maalikis, said: Whoever
calls al-Madeenah Yathrib, it is recorded as a sin for him. The reason why
it is makrooh is that the name Yathrib comes from tathreeb which
means rebuke and blame, or from tharb which means corruption, both of
which are repugnant meanings. The Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) liked good names, and he disliked repugnant names. End
quote. 

The hadeeth “Whoever calls al-Madeenah Yathrib, let him seek
forgiveness from Allaah” was classed as da’eef (weak) by al-Albaani in
Da’eef al-Jaami’ (5635). 

Secondly: 

It is makrooh to call a girl Yathrib for two reasons: 

1 – It is a kind of imitating the hypocrites in their calling
al-Madeenah by that name. 

2 – The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) did not like this name, and he changed it to al-Taabah or al-Madeenah,
because the name Yathrib carries a negative meaning, as explained above, as
it comes from a word meaning rebuke or corruption. One of the child’s rights
over his father is that he should choose a good name for him. 

Ibn al-Qayyim made some valuable comments on this topic, some
of which we will quote here. He said: 

It is proven that he (the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him)) changed the name of ‘Aasiyah (which means
disobedient) and called her Jameelah (which means beautiful). 

Abu Dawood said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) changed the names of al-‘Aas (disobedient), ‘Uzayr,
‘Utillah and Shaytaan (devil). He called Harb (war) Silm (peace), and Shu’ab
al-Dalaalah (branches of misguidance) he renamed Shu’ab al-Huda (branches of
guidance), and he called Banu Maghwiyyah (lit. sons of the misguided) Banu
Rashdah (lit. sons of the guided).” 

Ibn al-Qayyim said: Names have an effect on the ones to whom
they are given, and the things that are named have an effect on whether the
names are good or bad, light or heavy, gentle or harsh. 

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
liked good names… He told some people to milk a sheep, and one man got up to
milk it. He said: “What is your name?” He said: “Murrah (bitter).” He said:
“Sit down.” Another man stood up and he said: “What is your name?” He said:
“I think it is Harb (war).” He said: “Sit down.” Another man stood up and he
said: “What is your name?” He said: “Ya’eesh (long life).” He said: “Milk
it.”  

He disliked places that had bad names and he did not like to
pass through them. During one of his campaigns he came to two mountains and
asked what they were called. They said: Faadih (harsh exposure) and Mukhz
(humiliation). He turned away from them and did not pass between them. 

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
ordered them to choose good names and said that they would be called by
those names on the Day of Resurrection. When the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) came to al-Madeenah, it was called Yathrib
and was not known by any other name, but he changed it to Teebah. End quote
from Zaad al-Ma’aad (2/306). 

To conclude: using the name Yathrib is makrooh, and we should
use good names that convey good meanings. 

See also question no. 1692. 

And Allaah knows best.