None of the trustworthy scholars have stated that a woman has to wash her feminine pads which may have traces of menstrual blood, if she is going to throw them away and not use them again.

Menstruating women are not forbidden to enter Makkah or Madinah. There is nothing in the texts to suggest that they are not allowed to enter these cities.

It is permissible for a person – whether a man or a woman – who is in a state of major ritual impurity to touch things such as clothes, plates, pots, etc., before doing Ghusl, because this person is not impure and does not make the things he or she touches impure.

If these discharges come as the result of intimacy, then they are pure, because they are not the waste products of eating and drinking, thus they are not urine. Based on this, she does not have to wash her underwear or change them if these discharges get on them.

If the woman who gets some impurity on the hem of her garment then walks over ground or asphalt or a street or a pavement that removes the essence of that impurity, so that no trace of it is left, then her garment is purified by that, and she does not have to use water in order to remove that impurity.

Unintentional miscalculation of menses is not a sin. If a woman thinks that she has become pure and starts praying and fasting, then she realises that she is still menstruating, then she has to stop praying and fasting until she becomes pure, and she should make up the obligatory fasts that she observed during that time.