Ruling on using mobile phone credit to buy things

What is the ruling on charging fees in return for transferring credit on a mobile phone to someone else?

He left his watch in pledge with the seller, and he did not come to pay off what he owed at the appointed time

Using cookies [computer files] for online marketing

She agreed with her friends that whoever got the highest grades would buy chocolate for the others; is that permissible?

Ruling on making a product in a factory and putting the client’s name on it as a trademark

His company is late in giving him his salary; what should he do?

He owns half of the company’s capital and takes an extra percentage in return for managing the company; how should he pay zakah?

Ruling on the wealth of an Alzheimer’s patient who entrusted it to the care of someone else before she became sick

Is it permissible to rent property in order to give it as collateral for a loan?