Impact of devaluation of a currency on debts and stolen items

Giving a loan with a penalty clause

He is owed money by someone who is going through difficulty, and he has been given some charity money to distribute. Is it permissible for him to take what he is owed from it?

Will the debtor be regarded as no longer liable if the government or bank waive his debt?

He wants to borrow money from his friend to pay off a debt that he owes to the bank, and take another loan from the bank to pay off the debt to his friend; what is the ruling?

The company gave them a loan on condition that it would deduct a set amount from their salaries; what is the ruling?

Should he lend money to his sister when he knows that she is going to pay back the loan with haraam money?

Interest Bearing Loan to Get a Better Job

Is it permissible for the borrower to promise the lender a gift when paying off the loan?

It is not permissible to dispose of wealth given as a waqf for the mosque by lending or borrowing