Ruling on financial sponsorship; does it make a difference if the debt is transferred from one lender to another?

Should he mortgage his house to a non-Islamic bank so that he can buy another house?

Taking a loan in order to buy shares

Is it permissible to stipulate that the borrower must pay the difference in value if the currency drops?

Borrowing money from the bank to start a business with the state as guarantor

He borrows money from his friend and returns the money to him with a share of the profit

Taking a loan with interest in order to get married

It is haram to pay interest because of inflation

Is it permissible to lend shares?

He owes a debt to the company and he wants to pay it off with the lump sum he receives for retirement