Can You Leave Work Early without Permission?

He works filling out survey forms in another country in return for a fee

Working in web design on websites containing links to haram things

Ruling on working as a real estate agent in Western countries

Ruling on working in a factory that makes bank machines (ATMs)

Ruling on turning the praise of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) into a profession

Ruling on delivering parcels for a doctor which clearly contain abortion pills

Her colleague called her and asked her to sign in for her when she was late, without the knowledge of their boss

Ruling on working in medical coding to transfer patient information and treatment costs to insurance companies

Is it permissible for him to take surplus items supplied to him at work?